• Are Fluoropolymers Really of Low Concern for Human and Environmental Health and Separate from Other PFAS? 

      Lohmann, Rainer; Cousins, Ian T.; DeWitt, Jamie; Glüge, Juliane; Goldenman, Gretta; Herzke, Dorte; Lindstrom, Andrew B.; Miller, Mark F.; Ng, Carla A.; Patton, Sharyle; Scheringer, Martin; Trier, Xenia; Wang, Zhanyun (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)
      Fluoropolymers are a group of polymers within the class of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The objective of this analysis is to evaluate the evidence regarding the environmental and human health impacts of ...
    • Finding essentiality feasible: common questions and misinterpretations concerning the “essential-use” concept 

      Cousins, Ian T.; Dewitt, Jamie C.; Glüge, Juliane; Goldenman, Gretta; Herzke, Dorte; Lohmann, Rainer; Miller, Mark; Ng, Carla A.; Patton, Sharyle; Scheringer, Martin; Trier, Xenia; Wang, Zhanyun (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      The essential-use concept is a tool that can guide the phase-out of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and potentially other substances of concern. This concept is a novel approach to chemicals management that ...
    • Information Requirements under the Essential-Use Concept: PFAS Case Studies 

      Glüge, Juliane; London, Rachel; Cousins, Ian T.; Dewitt, Jamie; Goldenman, Gretta; Herzke, Dorte; Lohmann, Rainer; Miller, Mark; Ng, Carla A.; Patton, Sharyle; Trier, Xenia; Wang, Zhanyun; Scheringer, Martin (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of substances for which there are widespread concerns about their extreme persistence in combination with toxic effects. It has been argued that PFAS should only be ...
    • The concept of essential use for determining when uses of PFASs can be phased out 

      Cousins, Ian T.; Goldenman, G.; Herzke, Dorte; Lohmann, Rainer; Miller, Mark; Ng, Carla A.; Patton, Sharyle; Scheringer, Martin; Trier, Xenia; Vierke, Lena; Wang, Zhanyun; DeWitt, Jamie (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019)
      Because of the extreme persistence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and their associated risks, the Madrid Statement argues for stopping their use where they are deemed not essential or when safer alternatives ...